Montreal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Montreal. Montr. Originally called Ville- Marie, or . The city is on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city. It has a distinct four- season continentalclimate with warm to hot summers and cold snowy winters.
It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film and world affairs. Currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang. According to one theory, the name derives from mont R. Another possibility mentioned by the Government of Canada on its web site concerning Canadian place names, is that the name was adopted as it is written nowadays because an early map of 1. Italian name of the mountain, .
Within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at other locations in the valley since at least the 1.
This is believed to be due to outmigration, epidemics of European diseases, or intertribal wars. At the confluence of Petite Riviere and St. Lawrence River, it is where present- day Pointe- . The colonists left France in 1. Quebec, and arrived on the island the following year. On May 1. 7, 1. 64. Ville- Marie was founded on the southern shore of Montreal island, with Maisonneuve as its first governor.
The settlement included a chapel and a hospital, under the command of Jeanne Mance. In the spring of 1. Iroquois attacks became so frequent and so violent that Ville Marie thought its end had come. Maisonneuve made all the settlers take refuge in the fort. By 1. 65. 2, the colony at Montreal had been so reduced that he was forced to return to France to raise 1. If the effort had failed, Montreal was to be abandoned and the survivors re- located downriver to Quebec City. Before these 1. 00 arrived in the fall of 1.
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Montreal was barely 5. By 1. 68. 5, Ville Marie was home to some 6. Ville Marie became a centre for the fur trade and a base for further exploration.
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To encourage French settlement, they wanted the Mohawk to move away from the fur trading post at Ville Marie. They had a mission village, known as Kahnewake, south of the St Lawrence River. The fathers persuaded some Mohawk to make a new settlement at their former hunting grounds north of the Ottawa River. This became Kanesatake. All three are now Mohawk reserves in Canada. The Canadian territory was ruled as a French colony until 1. Great Britain after the Seven Years' War.
The leaders of Montreal's business community had started to build their homes in the Golden Square Mile (~2. By 1. 86. 0, it was the largest municipality in British North America and the undisputed economic and cultural centre of Canada. A majority of the drinking water was still coming from the city's harbor, which was busy and heavily trafficked leading to the deterioration of the water within. In the mid 1. 84. City of Montreal installed a water system that would pump water from the St.
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Lawrence and into cisterns. The cisterns would then be transported to the desired location. This was not the first water system of its type in Montreal as there had been one in private ownership since 1. In the middle of the 1. As they lacked modern plumbing systems it was impossible to connect all buildings at once and it also acted as a conservation method. The population was not finished rising yet however, from 5. The reasons were twofold; as it was located more in the interior of the nation, it was less susceptible to US attack.
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Perhaps more importantly, as it lay on the border between French and English Canada, the then small town of Ottawa was seen as a compromise between Montreal, Toronto, Kingston and Quebec City, who were all vying to become the young nation's official capital. An internment camp was set up at Immigration Hall in Montreal from August 1. November 1. 91. 8. Indeed, the volume of stocks traded at the Toronto Stock Exchange had already surpassed that traded at the Montreal Stock Exchange in the 1. In time this development led to the end of the city's economic dominance as businesses moved to other areas.
There was great resistance from the suburbs to the merger, with the perception being that it was forced on the mostly English suburbs by the Parti Qu. As expected, this move proved unpopular and several mergers were later rescinded. Several former municipalities, totalling 1. June 2. 00. 4. The demerger took place on January 1, 2. Montreal. De- merged municipalities remain affiliated with the city through an agglomeration council that collects taxes from them to pay for numerous shared services.
Montreal annexed 2. Hochelaga in 1. 88. Pointe- aux- Trembles in 1. The 2. 1st century has brought with it a revival of the city's economic and cultural landscape. The construction of new residential skyscrapers, two super- hospitals (the Centre hospitalier de l'Universit. The city covers most of the Island of Montreal at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers.
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The port of Montreal lies at one end of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, the river gateway that stretches from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic. The city is named after the most prominent geographical feature on the island, a three- head hill called Mount Royal, topped at 2.
The anglophone enclaves of Westmount, Montreal West, Hampstead, C. Conversely, cold fronts can bring crisp, drier and windy weather in the early and later parts of summer. Winter brings cold, snowy, windy, and, at times, icy weather, with a daily average ranging from .
However, some winter days rise above freezing, allowing for rain on an average of 4 days in January and February each. Usually, snow covering some or all bare ground lasts on average from the first or second week of December until the last week of March. Early and late season snow storms can occur in November and March, and more rarely in April. Montreal is generally snow free from April 1. November 1. 5. The lowest temperature in Environment Canada's books was . Thunderstorms are common in the period beginning in late spring through summer to early fall; additionally, tropical storms or their remnants can cause heavy rains and gales. Montreal averages 2,0.
There are 5. 0 National Historic Sites of Canada, more than any other city. Although most are clustered around the Old Montreal area, such as the Sulpician Seminary adjacent to Notre Dame Basilica that dates back to 1. Chateau Ramezay, which was built in 1. Situated in Lachine, the Le Ber- Le Moyne House is the oldest complete building in the city.
Charles visitors can see the Maison Saint- Gabriel, which can trace its history back to 1. James Street (French: Rue Saint Jacques). Montreal's earliest buildings are characterized by their uniquely French influence and grey stone construction. Saint Joseph's Oratory, completed in 1. Ernest Cormier's Art Deco.
Universit. Pavilions designed for the 1. International and Universal Exposition, popularly known as Expo 6. Though most pavilions were temporary structures, several have become landmarks, including Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome U. S. Pavilion, now the Montreal Biosphere, and Moshe Safdie's striking Habitat 6. The Montreal Metro has public artwork by some of the biggest names in Quebec culture. In 2. 00. 6 Montreal was named a UNESCO City of Design, only one of three design capitals of the world (the others being Berlin and Buenos Aires). Since 2. 00. 5 the city has been home for the International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda).
Other neighbourhoods of interest in the borough include the affluent Golden Square Mile neighbourhood at the foot of Mount Royal and the Shaughnessy Village/Concordia U area home to thousands of students at Concordia University. The borough also comprises most of Mount Royal Park, Saint Helen's Island, and Notre- Dame Island.
The Plateau Mount Royal borough was a working class francophone area. The largest neighbourhood is the Plateau (not to be confused with the whole borough), which is undergoing considerable gentrification. The Mc. Gill Ghetto is in the extreme southwestern portion of the borough, its name being derived from the fact that it is home to thousands of Mc. Gill University students and faculty members. The South West borough was home to much of the city's industry during the late 1.
The borough included Goose Village and is home to the traditionally working- class Irish neighbourhoods of Griffintown and Point Saint Charles as well as the low- income neighbourhoods of Saint Henri and Little Burgundy. Other notable neighbourhoods include the multicultural areas of Notre- Dame- de- Gr. Old Montreal is accessible from the downtown core via the underground city and is served by several STM bus routes and Metro stations, ferries to the South Shore and a network of bicycle paths. The riverside area adjacent to Old Montreal is known as the Old Port. The Old Port was the site of the Port of Montreal, but its shipping operations have been moved further east to a larger site, leaving the former location as a recreational and historical area maintained by Parks Canada.
The new Port of Montreal is Canada's largest container port and the largest inland port on Earth. The park, most of which is wooded, was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who also designed New York's Central Park, and was inaugurated in 1. Other features of the park are Beaver Lake, a small man- made lake, a short skislope, a sculpture garden, Smith House, an interpretive centre, and a well- known monument to Sir George Etienne Cartier.
The park hosts athletic, tourist and cultural activities. The mountain is home to two major cemeteries, Notre- Dame- des- Neiges (founded in 1. Mount Royal (1. 85.
Mount Royal Cemetery is a 1. Mount Royal in the borough of Outremont. Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery is much larger, predominantly French- Canadian and officially Catholic.